LDAR ni inzira ikoreshwa na peteroli na gaze, imiti, na / cyangwa ibikomoka kuri peteroli bikurikiranwa ahantu hamwe nubunini bwamazi atateganijwe. LDAR isaba amashyirahamwe yinganda kubazwaVOC(Ibinyabuzima bihindagurika) bisohora mu kirere.
Kuki kumeneka bigengwa?
VOC ni ikintu cyingenzi kibanziriza gutera ozone, umwotsi wa fotokome na umwanda. VOC zimwe zifite uburozi, kanseri, zishobora kwangiza ubuzima bwabantu.
EPA ivuga ko, muri Amerika, hafi toni 70.367 ku mwaka za VOC na toni 9.357 ku mwaka za HAPs (ibyuka bihumanya ikirere) ziva mu bikoresho -hamwe na valve, pompe, flanges, hamwe nabahuzakuba isoko nini yoherezwa mu kirere.
Inyungu zo gushyira mubikorwa LDAR
Dufashe urugero rwa peteroli na chimique nkurugero, ibyinshi bisohoka ni VOC na HAPs. Binyuze mu kizamini:
>Mugabanye ibiciro, mukureho amande.
>Gutanga umusanzu ku mutekano w'abakozi.
>Kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kurengera ibidukikije.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwa LDAR?
Gahunda yo gushyira mubikorwa LDAR irashobora gutandukana bitewe na buri sosiyete cyangwa igihugu. Ibyo ari byo byose uko ibintu bimeze, gahunda ya LDAR ifiteibintu bitanu muri rusange.
Buri kintu cyose kiri muri gahunda kiramenyekana kandi gihabwa indangamuntu. Ikibanza cyacyo gihuye nacyo kigenzurwa kimwe. Nkumwitozo mwiza, ibice birashobora kubagukurikiranwa ukoresheje sisitemu ya barcodingkurushaho guhuzwa neza na CMMS.
Ibipimo bisobanura kumeneka bigomba kumvikana neza nabakozi bireba. Ibisobanuro n'imbibi bigomba kuba byanditse neza kandi bikamenyeshwa mumakipe.
Buri kintu cyamenyekanye kigomba gukurikiranwa buri gihe kubimenyetso byerekana. Inshuro yo kugenzura, nayo yitwa intera yo gukurikirana, igomba gushyirwaho uko bikwiye.
Ibice bisohoka bigomba gusanwa mugihe cyagenwe. Ikigeragezo cya mbere cyo gusana cyakozwe nezamu minsi 5 nyuma yo kumeneka. Kubikorwa byo gusana byatinze kubera igihe cyateganijwe cyo gutinda, hagomba gutangwa ibisobanuro byanditse.
Imirimo yose nibikorwa bikorwa kandi byateganijwe byanditswe. Kuvugurura ibikorwa byibikorwa kuri CMMS bifasha gukurikirana inzira.
Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo gutemba?
Ibisohoka muri pompe mubisanzwe biboneka hafi yikimenyetso - igice gihuza pompe nigiti.
Imyanda igenzura kunyura mumazi. Kumeneka mubisanzwe bibaho kumurongo wa valve. Ibi birashobora kubaho mugihe ikintu gifunga kashe, nka o-impeta, cyangiritse cyangwa cyangiritse.
Abahuza bivuga guhuza imiyoboro nibindi bikoresho. Ibi bice birimo flanges hamwe nibikoresho. Kwizirika nka bolts mubisanzwe bifatanya ibice hamwe. Igipapuro kijya hagati yibice kugirango wirinde kumeneka. Ibi bice bishaje mugihe, ibyo nabyo biganisha ku kaga gakomeye ko kumeneka.
Compressor yongera umuvuduko wamazi, mubisanzwe imyuka. Ibikorwa bitandukanye byibimera bisaba imbaraga nyinshi zo kugenda cyangwa gukoresha pneumatike. Kimwe na pompe, gusohoka muri compressor mubisanzwe bibaho kuri kashe.
Ibikoresho byo gutabara byingutu, nkibikoresho byubutabazi, nibikoresho byihariye byumutekano birinda urwego rwumuvuduko kurenga imipaka. Ibi bikoresho bikenera kwitabwaho bidasanzwe kubera imiterere ijyanye numutekano kubyo usaba.
Gufungura-kurangiza imirongo, nkuko izina ribigaragaza, reba imiyoboro cyangwa amafunguro afunguye ikirere. Ibigize nka caps cyangwa plugs mubisanzwe bigabanya iyi mirongo. Kumeneka birashobora kugaragara kuri kashe, cyane cyane mugihe cyo guhagarika no gutembera neza.
Uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibimeneka?
Ikoranabuhanga rya LDAR rikoresha ibikoresho byifashishwa mu gutahura kugira ngo bigaragaze mu buryo bugaragara aho VOCs isohoka mu bikoresho by’ibikorwa by’inganda, kandi ifata ingamba zifatika zo kuyisana mu gihe runaka, bityo igenzura imyanda yamenetse mu nzira zose.
Uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibimeneka birimookiside ya catalitiki,flame ionisation (FID) , hamwe na infragre.
Ikurikiranabikorwa rya LDAR
LDAR igomba kumenyeshwa buri mwaka cyangwa buri mwaka nkuko bisabwa na guverinoma nyinshi ku isi kugirango bahangane n’ingaruka mbi z’ibidukikije byangiza ikirere.
Ni ayahe mabwiriza ngenderwaho na LDAR?
Guverinoma ku isi yose zishyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza ya LDAR mu rwego rwo kurwanya ingaruka z’ubuzima n’ibidukikije ziterwa n’amazi na gaze. Intego z'ibanze kuri aya mabwiriza ni VOC na HAP ziva mu nganda zikomoka kuri peteroli n'ibikoresho byo gukora imiti.
Mugihe atari urutonde rwamabwiriza, uburyo bwa 21 butanga uburyo bwiza bwo kumenya VOC yamenetse.
Inyandiko 40 CFR 60, mu gitabo cy’amategeko ngengamikorere, ni urutonde rwuzuye. Harimo ibice bitanga ibipimo ngenderwaho byubahiriza peteroli na gaze, ninganda zikora imiti, nibindi.
TCEQ igaragaza ibipimo byubahirizwa kugirango ibone ibyangombwa, cyane cyane kubigo bya peteroli na gaze. Izi mpushya, zizwi kandi nk'impushya zo mu kirere, zirinda umwanda kandi zigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
1, Isokinetic Icyitegererezo cyibintu byihariye ：
Shira umuyoboro wicyitegererezo wumukungugu mumurongo uva mu mwobo w’icyitegererezo, shyira icyambu cy’icyitegererezo aho gipima, uhure n’icyerekezo cy’ikirere, ukuremo umubare w’umwuka w’umukungugu ukurikije ibisabwa na sample ya isokinetic, hanyuma ubare imyuka ihumanya ikirere hamwe n’ibyuka byose. by'ibice.
Ukurikije umuvuduko uhagaze wagaragajwe na sensor zitandukanye, sisitemu yo gupima no kugenzura microprocessor yo kugenzura umwotsi wumwotsi numwotsi, umuvuduko ukabije, ibara umuvuduko nigiciro cyagaciro cyumwotsi ukurikije ibipimo nkubushyuhe nubushuhe. Sisitemu yo gupima no kugenzura igereranya umuvuduko wikigereranyo nigipimo cyogutemba cyagaragajwe na sensor ya flux, ikabara ikimenyetso kijyanye no kugenzura, kandi igahindura igipimo cya pompe ikoresheje umuzenguruko kugirango igenzure neza ko igipimo nyacyo cy’icyitegererezo kingana n’icyitegererezo cyatanzwe. igipimo. Mugihe kimwe, microprocessor ihita ihindura ingano yicyitegererezo mububiko busanzwe.
2, Amahame yo gupima ubuhehere ：
Microprocessor yagenzuye gupima sensor. Kusanyaitara ritose, itara ryumye ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, igitutu gitose hejuru yumuvuduko, hamwe nigitutu gihamye cyumuriro. Uhujije hamwe n’umuvuduko w’ikirere winjiza, uhite umenya umuvuduko wuzuye wumuyaga Pbv ku bushyuhe bushingiye ku bushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, hanyuma ubibare ukurikije formulaire.
3, Ihame ryo gupima Oxygene ：
Shira umuyoboro w'icyitegererezo muri flue, gukuramo gaze ya flue irimo umuyoboro w'icyitegererezo O, hanyuma unyure muri O.2icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi kugirango umenye O. Muri icyo gihe, hindura coefficient irenze ikirere ukurikije icyerekezo cyagaragaye O concentration α.
4, Ihame ryuburyo bushobora guhoraho bwa electrolysis:
ShiraIkizamini cya gaz na fluemuri flue, nyuma yo kuvanaho umukungugu no kuvura umwuma, hamwe nibisohoka byumuyagankuba wa electrochemicale biragereranywa nubushakashatsi bwa SO2 . OYA. OYA2 . NIKI. NIKI2 . H.2S.
Kubwibyo, guhita gahoro gazi ya flue irashobora kubarwa mugupima ibyasohotse muri sensor.
Igihe kimwe, ubara ibyuka bihumanya2 . OYA. OYA2 . NIKI. NIKI2 . H.2S ukurikije imyuka yamenyekanye hamwe nibindi bipimo.
Mubisanzwe, birakenewe gupima ubuhehere buri muri gaze ya flue ituruka ahantu handuye!
Kuberako ubwinshi bwimyuka ihumanya muri gaze ya flue bivuga ibiri muri gaze yumye yumye muri leta isanzwe. Nkibipimo byingenzi bya gaz ya flue, ubuhehere buri muri gaze ya flue nikintu giteganijwe mugikorwa cyo kugenzura, kandi ubunyangamugayo bwacyo bugira ingaruka ku mibare y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere cyangwa imyanda ihumanya.
Uburyo nyamukuru bwo gupima ubuhehere: Uburyo bwumye bwumye, Uburyo bwa Resistance capacitance, Uburyo bwa Gravimetric, Uburyo bwa Condensation.
1,Uburyo bwumye.
Ubu buryo burakwiriye gupima ubuhehere mu bushyuhe buke!
Ihame: Kora gaze unyuze mumashanyarazi yumye kandi atose ya tometrometero kumuvuduko runaka. Kubara ubuhehere bwumuriro ukurikije ibyasomwe byumuriro wumye kandi utose hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro aho bapima.
Mugupima no gukusanya ubushyuhe bwubuso bwamatara yumye hamwe nigitereko cyumye, kandi unyuze kumuvuduko wubuso bwumuriro utose hamwe numuvuduko ukabije wa static hamwe nibindi bipimo, umuvuduko wamazi wuzuye kuri ubu bushyuhe ukomoka kubushyuhe bwubuso bwumuriro utose, hanyuma ugahuzwa hamwe ibyinjira byumuvuduko wikirere, ubuhehere bwa gaze ya flue ihita ibarwa ukurikije formula.
Mu kuringaniza:
Xsw ---- Umubare wijanisha ryibintu biri muri gaze yuzuye,%
Pbc ----- Umuvuduko wuzuye wamazi iyo ubushyuhe ari tb(Ukurikije agaciro ka tb, urashobora kuboneka mubipimo byumuvuduko wamazi wumuyaga mugihe umwuka wuzuye) ， Pa
tb---- Ubushyuhe Bwinshi Ubushyuhe ， ℃
tc---- Amashanyarazi yumye ， ℃
Pb ----- Umuvuduko wa gazi unyura hejuru yubushyuhe bwa trometero ， Pa
Ba ----- Umuvuduko w'ikirere ， Pa
Zab ----- Umuvuduko ukabije wumwanya uhagije wo gupima ， Pa
2, Uburyo bwo kurwanya ubushobozi.
Ibipimo by'ubushuhe bikorwa hakoreshejwe ibiranga ubukana hamwe nubushobozi bwa capacitance indangagaciro yibice bihindagurika bikurikije imiterere runaka hamwe nimpinduka zubushuhe bwibidukikije.
Uburyo bwa RC burashobora gutsinda akazi katoroshye nkubushyuhe bwo hejuru nubushuhe buri mu kirere (ubusanzwe ≤180 ℃), kugera ku gipimo gihamye kandi cyizewe ku gipimo cy’ubushyuhe kiri mu mwuka w’amasoko y’umwanda uhumanye, kandi kigaragaza ibisubizo by’ibipimo. Ubu buryo bufite ibyiza byinshi, nko gupima byoroshye kandi nta kwivanga kw’indi myuka.
3, Uburyo bwa Gravimetric:
Koresha umuyoboro wa fosifore pentoxide kugirango winjize umwuka wamazi murugero rwa gaze, koresha uburinganire bwuzuye kugirango upime ubwinshi bwumwuka wamazi, icyarimwe upime urugero rwa gaze yumye binyuze mumiyoboro yinjira, hanyuma wandike ubushyuhe bwicyumba hamwe nigitutu cyikirere kuri igihe cyo gupimwa, hanyuma ubare igipimo kinini cyo kuvanga imyuka y'amazi murugero rwa gaze ukurikije formula.
Ubu buryo burashobora kugera ku kuri cyane muburyo bwose bwo gupima ubuhehere. Nyamara, uburyo bwa Gravimetric buragoye mugupima, busaba ibintu byinshi byo kwipimisha, bifata igihe kirekire cyo kugerageza, kandi ntibishobora kubona amakuru yo gukurikirana kurubuga. Imikorere yamakuru ni mibi, kandi mubisanzwe ikoreshwa mugupima neza no gupima ubukemurampaka bwubushuhe.
4, Uburyo bwo Kuringaniza:
Kuramo ingano runaka ya gaze isohoka muri flue hanyuma uyinyuze muri kondenseri. Kubara ibirimo ubuhehere buri muri gaze isohoka ukurikije ubwinshi bwamazi yegeranye hamwe nubunini bwumwuka wamazi urimo gaze yuzuye isohoka muri kondenseri.
Bisa nihame ryuburyo bwa gravimetric, uburyo bwa kondegene bufite ubunyangamugayo buhanitse, ariko inzira yo kwipimisha nayo iragoye, bisaba ibihe bihanitse, kandi bifata igihe kirekire, ntabwo rero ikoreshwa cyane.
