LDAR ndiyo maitiro ayo oiri negesi, makemikari, uye / kana petrochemical michina inotariswa kune nzvimbo uye huwandu hwekuvuza kusingatarisirwe. LDAR inoda kuti masangano ekugadzira azvidavirireVOCs(Volatile organic compounds) anoburitsa mumhepo.
Sei kubuda kwemvura kuchidzorwa?
VOCs chinhu chakakosha chepamberi chinokonzera ozone, photochemical smog uye kusvibiswa kwemhute. Mamwe maVOC ane muchetura, carcinogenic, anogona kukuvadza hutano hwevanhu.
EPA inofungidzira kuti, muUS, matani anosvika zviuru makumi manomwe nemakumi matatu nenomwe pagore zveVOC uye 9,357 matani pagore emaHAPs (ane njodzi anosvibisa mweya) anoburitswa kubva mukudonha kwemidziyo -ane mavharuvhu, pombi, flanges, uye connectorsichiva chitubu chikuru chekubuda kwehupoteri.
Mabhenefiti ekushandisa LDAR
Tichitora Petroleum nemakambani emakemikari semuenzaniso, kuvuza kwakawanda maVOC nemaHAP. Kuburikidza nekuedza:
>Deredza mari, bvisa faindi dzinogona kuitika.
>Batsira zvakanyanya kuchengetedzeka kwevashandi.
>Deredza kuburitswa kweVOCs uye chengetedza nharaunda.
Ndeipi nzira yeLDAR?
LDAR kuita chirongwa chinogona kukwira zvichienderana nekambani yega yega kana nyika. Chero mamiriro ezvinhu, zvirongwa zveLDAR zvinezvinhu zvishanu Zvakafanana.
Chimwe nechimwe chikamu chiri pasi pechirongwa chinozivikanwa uye chinopihwa ID. Nzvimbo yaro inowirirana inosimbiswa zvakare. Sekuita kwakanakisisa, zvikamu zvinogona kuvainoteverwa uchishandisa barcoding systemkuve zvakanyatsobatanidzwa neCMMS.
Iwo maparamendi anotsanangura kuvuza anofanirwa kunzwisiswa zvakajeka nevashandi vakakodzera. Tsanangudzo uye zvikumbaridzo zvinofanirwa kunyorwa zvakanaka uye kutaurirwa muzvikwata zvese.
Chinhu chimwe nechimwe chakacherechedzwa chinofanirwa kugara chichiongororwa zviratidzo zvekubuda. Kuwanda kwekutarisa, kunonziwo nguva yekutarisisa, kunofanirwa kuiswa zvinoenderana.
Zvinhu zvinobuda muropa zvinofanira kugadziriswa mukati menguva yakatarwa. Kuedza kwekutanga kugadzirisa kunoitwa zvakanakamukati memazuva mashanu mushure mekudonha kwaonekwa. Nekunonoka kugadzirisa basa nekuda kwechero nguva yakarongwa, tsananguro yakanyorwa inofanira kupihwa.
Mabasa ese uye mabasa anoitwa uye akarongwa anorekodhwa. Kugadziridza chimiro chechiitiko paCMMS kunobatsira kuchengeta track.
Ndeapi manyuko anowanzo kubvinza?
Kudonha kubva pamapombi kunowanzo kuwanikwa kwakatenderedza chisimbiso - chikamu chinobatanidza pombi kune shaft.
Mavharuvhu anodzora kufamba kwemvura. Kudonha kunowanzoitika pazinde revhavha. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana chinhu chekuisa chisimbiso, senge o-ring, chikakuvadzwa kana kukanganiswa.
Zvibatanidza zvinoreva majoini ari pakati pepombi nemimwe midziyo. Izvi zvikamu zvinosanganisira flanges uye fittings. Fasteners semabhoti anowanzobatanidza zvikamu pamwechete. A gasket inopinda pakati pezvikamu kudzivirira kudonha. Izvi zvikamu zvinosakara nekufamba kwenguva, izvo zvinozoita kuti pave nenjodzi huru yekudonha.
Macompressor anowedzera kudzvanywa kwemvura, kazhinji magasi. Mhando dzakasiyana dzekudyara dzinoda kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwekufamba kana pneumatic application. Sezvine mapombi, kudonha kubva kucompressor kunowanzoitika pazvisimbiso.
Midziyo yekuyamura kudzvinyirira, senge mavharuvhu ekuyamura, midziyo yakakosha yekuchengetedza inodzivirira mwero wekumanikidza kubva pakupfuura miganhu. Midziyo iyi inoda kutariswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuchengetedza-inoenderana nemaitiro ekushandisa kwayo.
Mitsetse yakavhurika, sekureva kunoita zita, inoreva mapaipi kana hosi dzakavhurika kumhepo. Zvikamu zvakaita semakepisi kana maplugs anowanzo dzikamisa mitsetse iyi. Kudonha kunogona kuitika pazvisimbiso, kunyanya panguva isina kufanira block uye kubuda ropa maitiro.
Nzira dzekutarisa kubuda kwemvura?
Tekinoroji yeLDAR inoshandisa midziyo yekuona inotakurika kuona zvakanyanya maVOC ekudonha mapoinzi mumidziyo yekugadzira yemabhizinesi, uye inotora matanho anoshanda ekugadzirisa mukati meimwe nguva yenguva, nekudaro ichidzora kubuda kwezvinhu mukati mese maitiro.
Nzira dzekutarisa kubuda kwemvura dzinosanganisiracatalytic oxidation,moto ionization (FID) , uye infrared absorption.
LDAR yekutarisa frequency
LDAR inofanirwa kutaurwa pagore kana semianual sezvinodiwa nehurumende dzakawanda pasi rose kumisa kukuvadza kwezvakatipoteredza kwekubuda kweVOC.
Ndeipi mimwe mirairo uye zviyero zveLDAR?
Hurumende pasi rose dziri kuita mirau yeLDAR kurwisa hutano nekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza pakubuda kwemvura negasi. Zvinangwa zvekutanga zvemirairo iyi maVOC uye HAPs anoburitswa kubva mupetroleum refineries nenzvimbo dzekugadzira makemikari.
Kunyange isiri chaiyo seti yemirairo, iyo Method 21 gwaro rinopa akanakisa maitiro ekuona sei kudonha kweVOC.
Gwaro 40 CFR 60, mukati meKodhi yeFederal Regulations, izere seti yemazinga. Inosanganisira subparts inopa leak performance yekuteedzera zviyero zveoiri negasi, uye maindasitiri ekugadzira makemikari, pakati pevamwe.
Iyo TCEQ inocherekedza mazinga ekuteerera kuti awane mvumo, kunyanya kumakambani emafuta negasi. Zvibvumirano izvi, zvinozivikanwawo semvumo dzemhepo, zvinodzivirira kusvibiswa uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwemaindasitiri.
1, Isokinetic Sampling yeParticulate Matter:
Isa iyo guruva sampling chubhu mu flue kubva pagomba resampling, isa sampling chiteshi panzvimbo yekuyeresa, yakatarisana nemhepo inoyerera, bvisa imwe huwandu hweguruva gasi zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zve isokinetic sampling, uye kuverenga iyo emission concentration uye yakazara kuburitsa. chechikamu.
Zvichienderana neiyo static pressure yakaonekwa nemasensa akasiyana-siyana, iyo microprocessor kuyerwa uye yekudzora sisitimu yehutsi uye chiutsi tester, ine simba kudzvanywa, inoverengera kuyerera uye kukosha kwekuyerera kwehutsi zvichienderana nemaparamita akadai sekushisa uye humidity. Iyo yekuyera uye yekudzora sisitimu inofananidza kuyerera kweyero neyekuyerera kunoonekwa neinoyerera sensor, inoverengera inoenderana chiratidzo chekudzora, uye inogadzirisa iyo pombi yekuyerera kweyero kuburikidza nedunhu rekutonga kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chaiyo sampling yekuyerera chiyero chakaenzana neyakaiswa sampling kuyerera. rate. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo microprocessor inoshandura otomatiki iyo chaiyo sampling vhoriyamu kuita yakajairwa sampling vhoriyamu.
2, Nheyo dzekuyera humidity:
Microprocessor inodzorwa sensor kuyerwa. Unganidzagirobhu rakanyorova, girobhu rakaoma tembiricha yepamusoro, girobhu rakanyorova pamusoro pekumanikidza, uye static kumanikidza kwe flue exhaust. Yakasanganiswa neiyo yekupinda mumhepo yekumanikidza, wobva waona iyo yakazara mhute pressure Pbv patembiricha zvichienderana nekunyorova kwegirobhu tembiricha yepasi, woiverenga zvinoenderana neformula.
3, Nheyo yeOxygen kuyerwa:
Isa iyo sampling chubhu mu flue, bvisa iyo flue gasi ine sampling chubhu O, uye ipfuure kuburikidza neO.2electrochemical sensor kuti ione O. Panguva imwecheteyo, shandura mhepo yakawandisa coefficient inobva pane yakaonekwa concentration O concentration α.
4, Nheyo yenguva dzose inogona kuitika electrolysis nzira:
Isa theDust uye flue gasi testermune flue, mushure mekubviswa kweguruva uye kupera mvura mumuviri, uye kubuda ikozvino kweelectrochemical sensor kunoenderana zvakananga nekusangana kweSO.2 . AIHWA. AIHWA2 . CHII. CHII2 . H2S.
Naizvozvo, iyo yekukurumidza kusangana kweflue gasi inogona kuverengerwa nekuyera ikozvino kubuda kubva kune sensor.
Panguva imwecheteyo, verenga kuburitswa kweSO2 . AIHWA. AIHWA2 . CHII. CHII2 . H2S zvichibva pane zvakaonekwa kuburitsa hutsi uye mamwe ma parameter.
Kazhinji, zvinodikanwa kuyera humidity mune flue gasi kubva kune yakagadziriswa kusvibiswa masosi!
Nekuti kuwanda kwezvinosvibisa muflue gasi kunoreva zviri mukati meiyo yakaoma flue gasi muStandard state. Seyakakosha flue gasi parameter, hunyoro mu flue gasi chinhu chinosungirwa parameter mukutarisa maitiro, uye iko kurongeka kwayo kunokanganisa zvakananga kuverengerwa kwese kuburitswa kana kusvibiswa kwehuwandu.
Nzira huru dzekuyera hunyoro: Dry wet bulb nzira, Resistance capacitance nzira, Gravimetric nzira, Condensation nzira.
1,Dry wet girobhu nzira.
Iyi nzira yakakodzera kuyera hunyoro mumamiriro ekudzika-kupisa!
Musimboti: Ita kuti gasi riyerere nemumathermometers egirobhu akaoma uye akanyorova pane imwe kumhanya. Verenga hunyoro hwepombi zvichienderana nekuverenga kwemathermometers egirobhu rakaoma uye rakanyorova uye kumanikidzwa kwemhepo panzvimbo yekuyeresa.
Nekuyera nekuunganidza tembiricha yepasi pegirobhu rakanyorova uye girobhu rakaoma, uye kuburikidza nekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro kwegirobhu rakanyorova uye exhaust static pressure uye mamwe maparameter, iyo saturated steam pressure patembiricha iyi inotorwa kubva patembiricha yepasi pegirobhu, uye yakasanganiswa ne iyo yekupinza atmospheric pressure, iyo mwando yemukati we flue gasi inoverengerwa otomatiki zvichienderana neformula.
Mune equation:
Xsw----Vhoriyamu muzana yehunyoro hwemukati mumhepo yekubuda gasi,%
Pbc----- Saturated steam pressure kana tembiricha iri tb(Maererano nehukoshi hwe tb, inogona kuwanikwa kubva kumvura mhute yekumanikidza geji kana mweya wazara), Pa
tb---- Wet Bulb Temperature, ℃
tc----Dry Bulb Temperature，℃
Pb-----Gasi kudzvinyirirwa ichipfuura nepamusoro peiyo thermometer yegirobhu, Pa
Ba-----Atmospheric Pressure，Pa
Ps----- Exhaust static pressure panzvimbo yekuyeresa，Pa
2, Resistance capacitance nzira.
Humidity kuyerwa kunoitwa pachishandiswa hunhu hwekupokana uye capacitance kukosha kwehumidity inonzwa zvikamu zvinoshanduka zvichienderana neimwe pateni ine shanduko mukunyorova kwezvakatipoteredza.
RC nzira inogona kukurira mamiriro ekushanda akaoma senge tembiricha yepamusoro uye humidity mu flue (kazhinji≤180 ℃), kuwana yakagadzikana uye yakavimbika pane-saiti kuyerwa kwemwando mukupedzwa kweyakagadziriswa kusvibiswa masosi, uye zvakananga kuratidza kuyerwa kwemhedzisiro. Iyi nzira ine mabhenefiti makuru, akadai sekuyerwa kwakasimba uye hapana kupindirana kwemuchinjiko nemamwe magasi.
3, Gravimetric nzira:
Shandisa iyo Phosphorus pentoxide absorption chubhu kutora mhute yemvura mumuenzaniso wegasi, shandisa chiyero chakaringana kuyera huwandu hwemhute yemvura, panguva imwe chete kuyera huwandu hwegasi hwakaomeswa kuburikidza nechubhu yekunyudza, uye rekodha tembiricha yekamuri uye kumanikidzwa kwemhepo. iyo nguva yekuyera, wobva waverenga chiyero chekusanganiswa kwehuwandu hwemhute yemvura mumuenzaniso wegasi maererano nefomati.
Iyi nzira inogona kuwana yakanyanya kurongeka pakati penzira dzese dzekuyera humidity. Nekudaro, nzira yeGravimetric yakaoma mukuyedza, inoda mamiriro ekuyedza akakwira, inotora nguva yakareba yekuyedza, uye haigone kuwana data rekutarisa pane saiti. Kushanda kwedata kwakashata, uye kunowanzo shandiswa kuyera nemazvo uye kuyerwa kwekuyeresa kwehunyoro.
4, Condensation nzira:
Bvisa imwe vhoriyamu yekuburitsa gasi kubva muflue uye upfuure kuburikidza necondenser. Verenga unyoro hwemukati mugasi rekuburitsa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemvura yakanyungudutswa uye huwandu hwemhute yemvura iri mugasi rakazara rinoburitswa kubva mucondenser.
Zvakafanana nemusimboti weiyo gravimetric nzira, iyo condensation nzira ine yakanyanya kurongeka, asi nzira yekuyedza yakaomawo, inoda mamiriro epamusoro, uye inotora nguva yakareba, saka haiwanzo kushandiswa.
